Which drugs are known for causing side effects such as gastrointestinal ulcers and kidney damage?

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are known to be associated with gastrointestinal ulcers and kidney damage due to their mechanism of action. NSAIDs work by inhibiting enzymes in the body that produce prostaglandins, which are compounds that help protect the lining of the stomach and maintain proper kidney function. When these protective prostaglandins are reduced, it can lead to increased gastric acidity, resulting in ulcers and gastrointestinal irritation. Additionally, prolonged use of NSAIDs can impair renal blood flow, leading to kidney injury or damage, especially in cases of dehydration or pre-existing kidney conditions. Understanding these potential side effects is crucial in veterinary practice to ensure the safe administration of medications to horses and to monitor any adverse reactions closely.